Bible Dictionary

Shihor

Places & Geography • Old Testament

Shihor was a watercourse associated with Egypt and Israel’s southwestern boundary. It may refer to a canal or stream near Egypt rather than directly to the Nile itself.

Definition

Shihor was a stream of water associated with Egypt and with the southwestern boundary of Canaan. It is identified variously with the brook of Egypt, the Nile, or, more specifically, an ancient freshwater canal drawn from the Nile and called the Horus Canal. The name is also written Sihor in some English usage.

Biblical Usage

Joshua places Shihor before Egypt, while Jeremiah speaks of drinking its waters on the way to Egypt. It is also mentioned in connection with Israel’s boundary and with Egyptian grain. These references require an identification that fits both the border stream and the Egyptian water supply.

Historical Background

A proposed identification is the Egyptian canal Shi-t-Hor, or Stream of Horus, in the northeastern province of ancient Egypt. The canal has since disappeared, though a Bedouin tradition preserved the memory of a Nile branch reaching toward Wady el-‘Arish.

Scripture References

1 Chronicles 13:5

Historical Bible Dictionaries

Easton's Bible Dictionary

Dark, (1 Chr. 13:5), the southwestern boundary of Canaan, the Wady el-‘Arish. (See SIHOR; NILE.)

International Standard Bible Encyclopedia (ISBE)

<p>shi'-hor (shichor, also written without a yodh (y) and waw (w) in Hebrew and incorrectly "Sihor" in English): A stream of water mentioned in connection with Egypt. Joshua (13:3) speaks of the "Shihor, which is before Egypt," a stream which commentators have thought to be "the brook of Egypt," the stream which separated Egypt from Palestine, now called Wady el-`Arish. Jeremiah (2:18 the King James Version) says, "What hast thou to do in the way to Egypt, to drink the waters of Sihor?" Commentators have thought Shihor in this case to be a name for the Nile. Both interpretations cannot be correct. Whatever the name South means, at least it did not denote a movable river. It must be the same stream in both these passages, and no identification of the stream can be correct that does not satisfy both of them. Professor Naville has recently shown conclusively (Proc. Soc. Biblical Arch., January, 1913) that neither of these interpretations is strictly correct, and has made clear the Biblical references to South. In the northeasternmost province of ancient Egypt, Khentabt ("Fronting on the East"), was a canal, a fresh-water stream drawn off from the Nile, called in the Egyptian language Shi-t-Hor, i.e. "the Horus Canal" (the -t- is an Egyptian feminine ending). There have been many changes in the branches and canals from the Nile in the Delta, and this one with many others has been lost altogether; but there is a tradition among the Bedouin of Wady el-`Arish to this day that once a branch of the Nile came over to that point. This Shi-t-Hor, "Stream of Horus," makes perfectly clear and harmonious the different references of Scripture to South. It was "before Egypt," as Jos describes it, and it was the first sweet water of Egypt which the traveler from Palestine in those days was able to obtain, as the words of Jeremiah indicate. "To drink the waters of South" meant to reach the supply of the fresh water of the Nile at the border of the desert. The two other references to South (1Ch 13:5; Isa 23:3) are perfectly satisfied by this identification. The "seed of South" (Isa 23:3 the King James Version) would be grain from Egypt by way of the Shihor.</p><p>M. G. Kyle</p>

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